Physical Graffiti

Physical Graffiti

The daytime front cover image
Studio album by Led Zeppelin
Released 24 February 1975
Recorded July and December 1970 – March 1971, May 1972, January–February 1974 at multiple locations[1]
Genre Hard rock, heavy metal, blues-rock
Length 82:15
Label Swan Song
Producer Jimmy Page
Led Zeppelin chronology
Houses of the Holy
(1973)		 Physical Graffiti
(1975)		 Presence
(1976)
Back cover
The nighttime back cover image

Physical Graffiti is the sixth album by the English rock band Led Zeppelin. It is a double album which was released on 24 February 1975. Recording sessions for the album were initially disrupted when John Paul Jones considered leaving the band. After reuniting at Headley Grange, the band wrote and recorded eight songs, the combined length of which stretched the album beyond the typical length of an LP. This prompted the band to make Physical Graffiti a double album by including previously unreleased tracks from earlier recording sessions.

Physical Graffiti was commercially and critically successful; the album is 16 times platinum (though this signifies sales of 8 million copies, as it is a double album) in the United States alone, and has come to be regarded as one of Led Zeppelin's defining works. The album is ranked highly on several prominent best album or best rock album lists of all time.

Contents

Recording Session

The recording sessions for Physical Graffiti initially took place in November 1973 at Headley Grange in East Hampshire, England. For these recordings, the band used Ronnie Lane's Mobile Studio. However, these sessions came to a halt quickly and the studio time was turned over to the band Bad Company, who used it to record songs for their debut album, Bad Company.[2] In an interview he gave in 1975, guitarist and album producer Jimmy Page explained the reason for this abrupt cessation of recording:

It took a long time for this album mainly because when we originally went in to record it, John Paul Jones wasn't well and we had to cancel the time . . . everything got messed up. It took three months to sort the situation out.[3]

However, according to Led Zeppelin archivist Dave Lewis,

It later emerged that Jones had wanted to quit the band and take up a position as choirmaster at Winchester Cathedral. [Manager] Peter Grant urged caution, suggesting that Jones was overwrought from the incessant touring and should take a rest from Zeppelin for a few weeks. Jones changed his mind and sessions resumed at Headley Grange after the Christmas holidays.[2]

Once they had reconvened, the band recorded eight tracks at Headley Grange in January and February 1974, which were engineered by Ron Nevison. Vocalist Robert Plant later referred to these eight tracks as "the belters":

We got eight tracks off ... and a lot of them were really raunchy. We did some real belters with live vocals, off-the-wall stuff that turned out really nice.[2]

Similar to the sessions for the previous two albums, the decision to record at the informal surroundings of Headley Grange provided a welcome opportunity for the band to improvise and develop material along the way.[2] As Plant commented:

Some of the tracks we assembled in our own fashioned way of running through a track and realising before we knew it that we had stumbled on something completely different.[2]

Bron-Yr-Aur cottage

Because the eight tracks extended beyond the length of a conventional album, it was decided to include several unreleased songs which had been recorded during the sessions for previous Led Zeppelin albums. The instrumental "Bron-Yr-Aur" was recorded in July 1970 at Island Studios, London, for Led Zeppelin III. It was named after Bron-Yr-Aur, a cottage in Gwynedd, Wales where the members of Led Zeppelin spent time during the recording of Led Zeppelin III. "Night Flight" and "Boogie with Stu" were recorded at Headley Grange and "Down by the Seaside" at Island Studios, all for Led Zeppelin IV. "The Rover" and "Black Country Woman" were recorded at the same sessions as "D'yer Mak'er" at Stargroves using the Rolling Stones Mobile Studio in May 1972. "Houses of the Holy" was also recorded in May 1972, but at Olympic Studios. The group's fifth album, Houses of the Holy, took its title from this song despite the decision not to include the song on that album. Page explained:

We had more material than the required 40-odd minutes for one album. We had enough material for one and a half LPs, so we figured let's put out a double and use some of the material we had done previously but never released. It seemed like a good time to do that sort of thing, release tracks like "Boogie With Stu" which we normally wouldn't be able to do ... [T]his time we figured it was better to stretch out than to leave off.[4]

According to engineer Nevison, the decision to expand the album to include songs from previous sessions was not part of the original planning:

I never knew that Physical Graffiti was going to be a double album. When we started out we were just cutting tracks for a new record. I left the project before they started pulling in songs from Houses of the Holy and getting them up to scratch. So I didn't know it was a double [album] until it came out.[5]

Additional overdubs were laid down and the final mixing of the album was performed in October 1974 by Keith Harwood at Olympic Studios, London. The title "Physical Graffiti" was coined by Page to illustrate the whole physical and written energy that had gone into producing the set.[2]

Music

In the opinion of Lewis, Physical Graffiti

was a massive outpouring of [Led] Zeppelin music that proved to be the definitive summary of their studio work ... Given the luxury of a double format, Physical Graffiti mirrors every facet of the Zeppelin repertoire. The end result is a finely balanced embarrassment of riches.[2]

Spanning several years of recording, the album featured forays into a range of musical styles, including hard rock ("The Rover", "The Wanton Song", "Sick Again". "Houses of the Holy"), eastern-influenced orchestral rock ("Kashmir"), driving funk ("Trampled Under Foot"), acoustic rock and roll ("Boogie With Stu", "Black Country Woman"), love ballad ("Ten Years Gone"), blues rock ("In My Time of Dying") and acoustic guitar instrumental ("Bron-Yr-Aur").[2][6][7] The wide range of Physical Graffiti is also underlined by the fact that it contains both the longest and shortest studio recordings by Led Zeppelin. "In My Time of Dying" clocks in at 11 minutes 5 seconds and "Bron-Yr-Aur" is 2 minutes 6 seconds. It is also the only Led Zeppelin album to feature bassist/keyboardist John Paul Jones playing additional guitar on some tracks.

Several tracks off the album became live staples at Led Zeppelin concerts. In particular, the songs "In My Time of Dying", "Trampled Under Foot", "Kashmir", "Ten Years Gone" and "Sick Again" became regular components of the band's live concert set lists following the release of the album.[2]

According to vocalist Robert Plant, of all the albums Led Zeppelin released, Physical Graffiti represented the band at its most creative and most expressive.[8] He has commented that it is his favourite Led Zeppelin album. Similarly, guitarist Jimmy Page considers this album to be a "high watermark" for Led Zeppelin.[9]

Album sleeve design

Physical Graffiti album sleeve
Inner disc cover 1
Inner disc cover 2
Middle insert front
Middle insert back

The album's sleeve design features a photograph of a New York City tenement block, with interchanging window illustrations. The album designer, Peter Corriston, was looking for a building that was symmetrical with interesting details, that was not obstructed by other objects and would fit the square album cover. He said:

96 and 98 St. Mark's Place
Physical Graffiti, the used clothing store in the basement of 96 St. Mark's Place

We walked around the city for a few weeks looking for the right building. I had come up a concept for the band based on the tenement, people living there and moving in and out. The original album featured the building with the windows cut out on the cover and various sleeves that could be placed under the cover, filling the windows with the album title, track information or liner notes.[10]

The two five-story buildings photographed for the album cover are located at 96 and 98 St. Mark's Place in New York City.[11][12] To enable the image to fit properly with the square format of the album cover, the fourth floor (of five) had to be cropped out, making them appear as four-story buildings in the image.[10] The front cover is a daytime image, while the back cover (above) is the same image but at nighttime.

Mike Doud is listed as the Cover Artist on the inner sleeve, and either the concept or design or both were his. He passed away in the early 1990s, and this album design was one of his crowning achievements in a lifetime of design–he was later to win a Grammy for best album cover of the year 1978.

The buildings on the album cover were the same ones that Keith Richards and Mick Jagger were filmed in front of in the Rolling Stones music video "Waiting on a Friend".[13] There is currently a used clothing store in the basement of 96 St. Mark's Place called Physical Graffiti. The building has been profiled on the television show, Rock Junket.[14]

The original album jacket for the LP album included four covers made up of two inners (for each disc), a middle insert cover and an outer cover. The inner covers depict various objects and people (including photos of Robert Plant and Richard Cole in drag)[2] on each window. The middle insert cover is white and details all the album track listings and recording information. The outer cover has die-cut windows on the building, so when the middle cover is wrapped around the inner covers and slid into the outer cover, the title of the album is shown on the front cover, spelling out the name "Physical Graffiti".

In 1976 the album was nominated for a Grammy Award in the category of best album package.

Philadelphia comedy-punk band the Dead Milkmen spoofed the album cover and title on their 1990 album Metaphysical Graffiti

Release and critical reception

 Professional ratings
Review scores
Source Rating
Allmusic 5/5 stars[15]
BBC (favourable)[16]
Billboard (favourable)[17]
Blender 5/5 stars[18]
Q 5/5 stars (Nov 2000)
Robert Christgau (B+)[19]
Rolling Stone (very favourable)[20]

The album was released on 24 February 1975, at a time when Led Zeppelin were undertaking their tenth concert tour of North America. Delays in the production of the album's sleeve design prevented its release prior to the commencement of the tour.[21]

Physical Graffiti was the band's first release on their own Swan Song Records label, which had been launched in May 1974. Until this point, all of Led Zeppelin's albums had been released on Atlantic Records. The album was a commercial and critical success, having built up a huge advance order, and when eventually released it reached #1 on Billboard's Pop Albums chart. It has since proven to be one of the most popular releases by the group, selling 8 million copies in the United States alone (which has made it 16 times platinum as it is a double album). Physical Graffiti was the first album to go platinum on advance orders alone.[22] Shortly after its release, all previous Led Zeppelin albums simultaneously re-entered the top-200 album chart.[23]

Billboard magazine's 5 star review of the album stated: "[Physical Graffiti] is a tour de force through a number of musical styles, from straight rock to blues to folky acoustic to orchestral sounds."[24] Similarly, Jim Miller stated in Rolling Stone that the double album was "the band's Tommy, Beggar's Banquet and Sgt. Pepper rolled into one: Physical Graffiti is Led Zeppelin's bid for artistic respectability."[20]

In 1998 Q magazine readers voted Physical Graffiti the 28th greatest album of all time; in 2000 Q placed it at number 32 in its list of the 100 Greatest British Albums Ever; and in 2001 the same magazine named it as one of the 50 Heaviest Albums Of All Time. In 2003 the TV network VH1 named it the 71st greatest album ever. In 2003, the album was ranked number 70 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. The album is also listed in Robert Dimery and Stevie Chick's 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die (2005).

Accolades

Publication Country Accolade Year Rank
Grammy Award United States "Grammy Award for Best Recording Package"[25] 1976 Nominee
Rolling Stone United States The Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Albums of All Time[26] 2003 70
Mojo United Kingdom "The 100 Greatest Albums Ever Made"[27] 1996 47
Classic Rock United Kingdom "100 Greatest Rock Album Ever"[28] 2001 5
Q United Kingdom "100 Greatest Albums Ever"[29] 2003 41
Record Collector United Kingdom "Classic Albums from 21 Genres for the 21st Century"[30] 2005 *
Robert Dimery United States 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die[31] 2005 *
Q United Kingdom "100 Best Albums Ever"[32] 2006 57
Classic Rock United Kingdom "100 Greatest British Rock Album Ever"[33] 2006 7
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame United States "The Definitive 200: Top 200 Albums of All-Time"[34] 2007 93

(*) designates unordered lists.

Track listing

All songs written and composed by Jimmy Page and Robert Plant, except where noted. 

Side one
No. Title
Date recorded
 Length
1. "Custard Pie"  
January–February 1974
 4:13
2. "The Rover"  
May 1972
 5:37
3. "In My Time of Dying" (Traditional; arr./adap. Page, Plant, John Paul Jones, John Bonham)
January–February 1974
 11:05
Side two
No. Title
Date recorded
 Length
1. "Houses of the Holy"  
May 1972
 4:02
2. "Trampled Under Foot" (Page, Plant, Jones)
January–February 1974
 5:37
3. "Kashmir" (Page, Plant, Bonham)
January–February 1974
 8:32
Side three
No. Title
Date recorded
 Length
1. "In the Light" (Page, Plant, Jones)
January–February 1974
 8:46
2. "Bron-Yr-Aur" (Page)
July 1970
 2:06
3. "Down by the Seaside"  
February 1971
 5:13
4. "Ten Years Gone"  
January–February 1974
 6:32
Side four
No. Title
Date recorded
 Length
1. "Night Flight" (Jones, Page, Plant)
December 1970–January 1971
 3:36
2. "The Wanton Song"  
January–February 1974
 4:07
3. "Boogie with Stu" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant, Ian Stewart, Mrs. Valens)
December 1970–January 1971
 3:53
4. "Black Country Woman"  
May 1972
 4:24
5. "Sick Again"  
January–February 1974
 4:42

Sales chart performance

Album
Chart (1975) Peak Position
Japanese Albums Chart[36] 13
UK Albums Chart[37] 1
US Billboard The 200 Albums Chart[38] 1
US Cash Box Top 100 Albums Chart[39] 1
US Record World Top Pop Albums Chart[40] 1
Canadian RPM Top 100 Chart[41] 1
Norwegian Albums Chart[42] 4
Austrian Albums Chart[43] 2
Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart 2
New Zealand Top 50 Albums Chart[44] 3
German Albums Chart[45] 17
Spanish Albums Chart[46] 2
French Albums Chart[47] 2
Singles
Year Single Chart Position
1975 "Trampled Under Foot" Billboard Pop Singles (Billboard Hot 100) 38

Sales certifications

Country Sales Certification
France (SNEP) 75,000+ Gold[48]
Germany (IFPI) 100,000+ Gold[49]
Argentina (CAPIF) 30,000+ Gold[50]
United Kingdom (BPI) 1,200,000+ 4x Platinum[51]
United States (RIAA) 8,000,000+ 16x Platinum[52]

Personnel

Led Zeppelin
Additional personnel

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Physical Graffiti album information at led-zeppelin.org". http://www.led-zeppelin.org/reference/discography/disc-physgrap-moreinfo.php. Retrieved 25 October 2008. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Dave Lewis (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9
  3. ↑ Crowe, Cameron. "The Durable Led Zeppelin" Rolling Stone 13 March 1975
  4. ↑ Dave Schulps, Interview with Jimmy Page, Trouser Press, October 1977.
  5. ↑ "Their Time is Gonna Come", Classic Rock Magazine, December 2007
  6. ↑ Review at Allmusic
  7. ↑ Rolling Stone Review, Mar, 27 1975
  8. ↑ Allan Jones, "Robert Plant: ‘We did what we set out to do...’", Uncut Magazine, May 2008, pp. 38-43.
  9. ↑ Nigel Williamson, "Forget the Myths", Uncut, May 2005, p. 72.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 BOLAND Jr, ED (8 September 2002). "F.Y.I.". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B04E6D6123EF93BA3575AC0A9649C8B63. Retrieved 15 March 2008. 
  11. ↑ "NYC Album Art: Physical Graffiti". www.gothamist.com. http://www.gothamist.com/archives/2006/04/16/physical_graffi_1.php. Retrieved 15 March 2008. 
  12. ↑ "Google Maps: From LudLow St. New York NY to Rivington St". Google. http://maps.google.com/maps?daddr=Rivington+St&saddr=LudLow+St.+New+York+NY&f=d&hl=en&sll=40.72147,-73.985882&sspn=0.016588,0.031071&ie=UTF8&t=h&om=1&layer=tc&cbll=40.727363,-73.984745&cbp=1,212.648874598071,0.5,0&ll=40.729308,-73.985893&spn=0.004789,0.013379&z=17. Retrieved 15 March 2008. 
  13. ↑ "Rolling Stones: Waiting On A Friend (Video 1981)". www.aquariumdrunkard.com. http://www.aquariumdrunkard.com/2007/06/29/rolling-stones-waiting-on-a-friend-video-1981/. Retrieved 15 March 2008. 
  14. ↑ See The Physical Graffiti Building
  15. ↑ Allmusic Review
  16. ↑ BBC Review
  17. ↑ Billboard Review
  18. ↑ Blender Review
  19. ↑ Robert Christgau Review
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Rolling Stone Review
  21. ↑ Chris Welch (1994) Led Zeppelin, London: Orion Books. ISBN 0-85797-930-3, p. 73.
  22. ↑ "Record Collector: Physical Graffiti - an album under review". Record Collector. http://www.recordcollectormag.com/reviews/review-detail/3171. Retrieved 12 February 2009. 
  23. ↑ Ruhlmann, William (2004). Breaking Records: 100 Years of Hits (1st ed.). London: Routledge Falmer. p. 165. ISBN 0-415-94305-1. 
  24. ↑ Fishel, Jim (March 1975). "Review: Physical Graffiti". Billboard 29: 89. 
  25. ↑ "Grammy Award for Best Album Package (AGI) - 28 February 1976". Grammy. http://www.super70s.com/Super70s/Music/1975/Grammys.asp. Retrieved 10 February 2009. 
  26. ↑ http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5938174/the_rs_500_greate
  27. ↑ "The 100 Greatest Albums Ever Made - January 1996". Mojo. http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/mojo_p3.htm#albums. Retrieved 10 February 2009. 
  28. ↑ "Classic Rock - 100 Greatest Rock Album Ever - December 2001". Classic Rock. http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/steveparker/classicrock.htm. Retrieved 10 February 2009. 
  29. ↑ 2003 "100 Greatest Albums Ever - January 2003". Q. http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/qlistspage2.html#Jan 2003. Retrieved 10 February 2009. 
  30. ↑ "Classic Albums from 21 Genres for the 21st Century: Seventies: From Singer-Songwriter Angst to Glam and the Disco Age - January 2005". Record Collector. http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/recordcollector.htm#21%20Genres. Retrieved 10 February 2009. 
  31. ↑ Dimery, Robert - 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die; page 856
  32. ↑ "Best Albums Ever - February 2006". Q. http://pub37.bravenet.com/forum/3172289350/show/620762. Retrieved 10 February 2009. 
  33. ↑ "Classic Rock - 100 Greatest British Rock Album Ever - April 2006". Classic Rock. http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/steveparker/classicrock2.htm. Retrieved 10 February 2009. 
  34. ↑ "The Definitive 200: Top 200 Albums of All-Time". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (United States). http://www.rockhall.com/pressroom/definitive-200. Retrieved 10 February 2009. 
  35. ↑ Lewis, Dave (2003). Led Zeppelin: The 'Tight but Loose' Files: Celebration II (1st ed.). London: Omnibus Press. p. 21. ISBN 1-84449-056-4. 
  36. ↑ "Top 100 Albums - 20 February 1975". Oricon. http://www.oricon.co.jp/. Retrieved 19 January 2009. 
  37. ↑ "Top 100 Albums - 15 March 1975". chartstats.com. http://www.chartstats.com/albuminfo.php?id=3558. Retrieved 19 January 2009. 
  38. ↑ "The Billboard 200 - 22 March 1975". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=305&cfgn=Albums&cfn=The+Billboard+200&ci=3069185&cdi=8746128&cid=03%2F22%2F1975. Retrieved 19 January 2009. 
  39. ↑ "Top 100 Albums - 22 March 1975". Cash Box. http://msdb.hp.infoseek.co.jp/cb&bb/album%20no1/1975.htm. Retrieved 19 January 2009. 
  40. ↑ "Top Pop Albums - 22 March 1975". Record World. http://www.geocities.com/muggy59/RWPOPLPS1975THRU1979.html. Retrieved 19 January 2009. 
  41. ↑ "RPM Albums Chart - 12 April 1975". RPM. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.3945a&volume=23&issue=7&issue_dt=April%2012%201975&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=hrg50o22lgammqcogv27ve6d95. Retrieved 19 January 2009. 
  42. ↑ "Top 20 Albums - 13 April 1975". norwegiancharts.com. http://norwegiancharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Physical+Graffiti&cat=a. Retrieved 19 January 2009. 
  43. ↑ "Top 75 Albums - 15 April 1975". austriancharts.at. http://austriancharts.at/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Physical+Graffiti&cat=a. Retrieved 19 January 2009. 
  44. ↑ Scapolo, Dean (2007). "Top 50 Albums - April 1975". The Complete New Zealand Music Charts (1st ed.). Wellington: Transpress. ISBN 1-877443-00-8. 
  45. ↑ "Top 100 Albums - April 1975". charts-surfer.de. http://www.charts-surfer.de/musiksearch.php. Retrieved 19 January 2009. 
  46. ↑ "Top 100 Albums - 9 August 1975". PROMUSICAE. http://www.promusicae.es/english.html. Retrieved 19 January 2009. 
  47. ↑ "Top 100 Albums - 1975". infodisc.fr. http://www.infodisc.fr/B-CD_1975.php. Retrieved 19 January 2009. 
  48. ↑ "Disque en France: Led Zeppelin - 1977". SNEP. http://www.chartsinfrance.net/certifications/artiste-102.htm. Retrieved 19 January 2009. 
  49. ↑ "Bundesverband Musikindustrie: Physical Graffiti - 1989". musikindustrie.de. http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=1&strSuche=Physical+Graffiti. Retrieved 19 January 2009. 
  50. ↑ "CAPIF: Led Zeppelin - 1993". CAPIF. http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=Led+Zeppelin&album=&LanDesde_MM=0&LanDesde_AA=0&LanHasta_MM=0&LanHasta_AA=0&Galardon=O&Tipo=1&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP. Retrieved 19 January 2009. 
  51. ↑ "BPI Physical Graffiti certification - 7 October 2005". BPI. http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumright.asp?rq=search_plat&r_id=32337. Retrieved 19 January 2009. 
  52. ↑ "RIAA.org Physical Graffiti - 30 January 2006". RIAA. http://www.riaa.org/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS. Retrieved 19 January 2009. 
Preceded by
On the Level by Status Quo		 UK Albums Chart number-one album
15–22 March 1975		 Succeeded by
20 Greatest Hits by Tom Jones
Preceded by
Have You Never Been Mellow by Olivia Newton-John		 Billboard 200 number-one album
22 March – 2 May 1975		 Succeeded by
Chicago VIII by Chicago
Physical Graffiti track listing
"Custard Pie" · "The Rover" · "In My Time of Dying" · "Houses of the Holy" · "Trampled Under Foot" · "Kashmir" · "In the Light" · "Bron-Yr-Aur" · "Down by the Seaside" · "Ten Years Gone" · "Night Flight" · "The Wanton Song" · "Boogie with Stu" · "Black Country Woman" · "Sick Again"
Led Zeppelin
John Bonham · John Paul Jones · Jimmy Page · Robert Plant
Studio albums
Live albums
The Song Remains the Same · BBC Sessions · How the West Was Won
Compilations
Led Zeppelin · Profiled · Remasters · Boxed Set 2 · The Complete Studio Recordings · Best of Led Zeppelin · Mothership · Definitive Collection
Singles
"Good Times Bad Times" / "Communication Breakdown" · "Whole Lotta Love" / "Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)" · "Immigrant Song" / "Hey Hey What Can I Do" · "Black Dog" / "Misty Mountain Hop" · "Rock and Roll" / "Four Sticks" · "Over the Hills and Far Away" / "Dancing Days" · "D'yer Mak'er" / "The Crunge" · "Trampled Under Foot" / "Black Country Woman" · "Candy Store Rock" / "Royal Orleans" · "Fool in the Rain" / "Hot Dog"
Films
The Song Remains the Same · Led Zeppelin
Tours
Scandinavia 1968 · U.K. 1968 · North America 1968/1969 · U.K. & Scandinavia 1969 · North America Spring 1969 · U.K. Summer 1969 · North America Summer 1969 · Europe Autumn 1969 · North America Autumn 1969 · U.K. 1970 · Europe 1970 · North America Spring 1970 · Iceland, Bath & Germany 1970 · North America Summer 1970 · U.K. Spring 1971 · Europe 1971 · North America 1971 · Japan 1971 · U.K. Winter 1971 · Australasia 1972 · North America 1972 · Japan 1972 · U.K. 1972-1973 · Europe 1973 · North America 1973 · North America 1975 · Earls Court 1975 · North America 1977 · Knebworth 1979 · Over Europe 1980 · Ahmet Ertegün Tribute Concert 2007
Related
Articles
Discography (Bootlegs) · Swan Song · Bron-Yr-Aur · The Starship · Caesar's Chariot · Shark episode
Bands
The Yardbirds · XYZ · The Firm · Coverdale-Page · Page and Plant · Them Crooked Vultures · Strange Sensation
Books
Hammer of the Gods: The Led Zeppelin Saga · Stairway to Heaven: Led Zeppelin Uncensored · When Giants Walked the Earth: A Biography of Led Zeppelin
People
Peter Grant · Richard Cole · Jason Bonham
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